北部湾沿海基本风压和阵风风压分析     

苏志  张瑞波  周绍毅  黄颖 《热带地理》2010,30(2)

利用北部湾沿海7个气象站建站至2008年最大风速资料,采用指数律风速廓线公式和"时次换算"方法订正最大风速,得到长年代10m高处10min平均年最大风速序列;采用极值I型分布估算北部湾沿海各地50年一遇最大风速,通过伯努利方程计算基本风压。结果表明:北部湾沿海的基本风压以涠洲岛最大,达1.13kN/m2;其次是东兴、北海,分别为0.59和0.58kN/m2;第三位是防城港和合浦,分别为0.49和0.47kN/m2;最小是防城和钦州,分别为0.39和0.33kN/m2,表明越靠近海的地方基本风压越大。利用建站至2008年的极大风速资料对北部湾沿海的阵风风压进行分析,发现阵风风压分布特点与基本风压相同,而且阵风风压比基本风压大,海岸区域的阵风风压约为基本风压的2倍,涠洲岛则是1.54倍。  相似文献   

The assimilation of spectral sensing and the WOFOST model for the dynamic simulation of cadmium accumulation in rice tissues     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2013

The accurate detection of heavy metal-induced stress on crop growth is important for food security and agricultural, ecological and environmental protection. Spectral sensing offers an efficient and undamaged observation tool to monitor soil and vegetation contamination. This study proposed a methodology for dynamically estimating the total cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice tissues by assimilating spectral information into WOFOST (World Food Study) model. Based on the differences among ground hyperspectral data of rice in three experiments fields under different Cd concentration levels, the spectral indices MCARI1, NREP and RH were selected to reflect the rice stress condition and dry matter production of rice. With assimilating these sensitive spectral indices into the WOFOST + PROSPECT + SAIL model to optimize the Cd pollution stress factor f_wi, the dynamic dry matter production processes of rice were adjusted. Based on the relation between dry matter production and Cd accumulation, we dynamically simulating the Cd accumulation in rice tissues. The results showed that the method performed well in dynamically estimating the total amount of Cd accumulation in rice tissues with R² over 85%. This study suggests that the proposed method of integrating the spectral information and the crop growth model could successfully dynamically simulate the Cd accumulation in rice tissues.  相似文献   

From China’s Heavy Precipitation in 2020 to a “Glocal” Hydrometeorological Solution for Flood Risk Prediction     

Huan WU  Xiaomeng LI  Guy J.-P.SCHUMANN  Lorenzo ALFIERI  Yun CHEN  Hui XU  Zhifang WU  Hong LU  Yamin HU  Qiang ZHU  Zhijun HUANG  Weitian CHEN  Ying HU 《大气科学进展》2021,38(1):1-7

The prolonged mei-yu/baiu system with anomalous precipitation in the year 2020 has swollen many rivers and lakes,caused flash flooding,urban flooding and landslides,and consistently wreaked havoc across large swathes of China,particularly in the Yangtze River basin.Significant precipitation and flooding anomalies have already been seen in magnitude and extension so far this year,which have been exerting much higher pressure on emergency responses in flood control and mitigation than in other years,even though a rainy season with multiple ongoing serious flood events in different provinces is not that uncommon in China.Instead of delving into the causes of the uniqueness of this year’s extreme precipitation-flooding situation,which certainly warrants in-depth exploration,in this article we provide a short view toward a more general hydrometeorological solution to this annual nationwide problem.A“glocal”(global to local)hydrometeorological solution for floods(GHS-F)is considered to be critical for better preparedness,mitigation,and management of different types of significant precipitation-caused flooding,which happen extensively almost every year in many countries such as China,India and the United States.Such a GHS-F model is necessary from both scientific and operational perspectives,with the strength in providing spatially consistent flood definitions and spatially distributed flood risk classification considering the heterogeneity in vulnerability and resilience across the entire domain.Priorities in the development of such a GHS-F are suggested,emphasizing the user’s requirements and needs according to practical experiences with various flood response agencies.  相似文献   

INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS IN ASIA TO WESTERN PACIFIC REGION IN BOREAL SUMMER: CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS FOR ACTIVE AND INACTIVE YEARS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES     

何洁琳  万齐林  管兆勇 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2011,17(4):326-334

Comparative analysis is carried out by using finite-domain power spectrum and lagged regression methods for the propagating characteristics and air-sea interaction processes of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) in the Asia to western Pacific (AWP) region during the boreal summer between the active and inactive tropical cyclone (TC) years from 1979 to 2004.The results show as follows.(1) There exist more significant eastward propagating characteristics of the ISO in the active TC years over the whole AWP region.The ISOs of convection propagate zonally with more eastward extension in the years with active tropical cyclone activities,during which the 20-60-day period is strengthened,western Pacific becomes an area with evident characteristics of the propagation that is closely related to TC activities.(2) The air-sea interaction processes are the same in both active and inactive TC years,and the energy exchanges between the air and the sea play a role in maintaining the northwestward propagation of ISOs.(3) The air-sea interaction is more intensive in the active TC years than in the inactive ones.It is particularly true for the latent heat release by condensation as the result of convection,which may be one of the reasons resulting in significant differences in characteristics of ISOs between the active and inactive TC years.  相似文献   

华南区域降温度日和采暖度日的时空变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李艳兰  何如  杜尧东  陆虹 《热带地理》2011,31(1):14-20

利用华南区域110个气象站1961-2008年逐日平均气温资料,计算华南区域各地年降温度日和采暖度日,分析降温度日和采暖度日的时空变化特征,探讨度日与年平均气温的关系.结果表明:华南区域年降温度日具有南部大、北部小,河谷平原大、山区小的地域分布特点;年采暖度日则是由南向北增大.1961-2008年华南区域年降温度日呈现...  相似文献   

近50 年华南地区极端强降水频次的时空变化特征   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

陆虹  陈思蓉  郭媛  何慧  徐圣璇 《热带气象学报》2012,(2):219-227

利用华南地区110 个台站1961—2008 年逐日降水资料,采用百分位法定义各站极端强降水事件的阈值,运用线性回归、M-K 突变检验、正交函数分解(EOF)、旋转经验正交函数分解(REOF)等方法,对华南地区年极端强降水频次的时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明:在空间分布上,年极端强降水频次在华南中部较大、广东沿海和广西西部内陆较小;华南极端强降水频次有3 个主要的空间异常模态,一致性异常特征是华南极端强降水频次分布的最主要空间模态,而东、西反向和南、北反向变化模态也是比较重要的异常模态。在时间分布上,华南的极端强降水事件主要发生在夏半年,夏半年极端强降水频次占全年总频次的83.7%;1960 年代和1980 年代极端强降水频次较少,从1980 年代中后期起,极端强降水频次有由少变多的趋势。华南区域各站极端强降水频次气候倾向率不一致,除中部呈减少趋势外,其余大部呈上升趋势,华南区域各站极端强降水频次的平均序列也呈上升趋势,但上升趋势不显著。华南极端强降水频次从区域变化特征上可分为6 个主要区域,分别具有不同的年际变化趋势,其中有3 个区域的代表站先后发生了显著增多的突变现象。   相似文献   

南海夏季风爆发对广西6月暴雨的影响          下载免费PDF全文

覃卫坚  蔡悦幸  罗小莉 《大气科学学报》2023,46(1):132-138

利用1961—2020年广西地面气象观测站逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,研究了南海夏季风爆发对广西6月暴雨的影响。结果表明,当南海夏季风爆发偏早时,东亚大槽显著偏强,中高纬度地区经向环流增强;华南沿海西南风显著偏强,配合中高纬度偏强的经向型环流引导北风南下,南北风在广西上空交汇;印度洋到海洋性大陆热带季节内振荡（MJO）处于对流活跃位相,且向东移动明显,低频对流带在西南季风引导下向广西输送;广西上升气流显著偏强,暴雨日数偏多。反之,暴雨日数偏少。  相似文献   

MLP在雷达定量降水估测中的应用     

卓健  廖胜石  苏传程  邓悦  张小琼 《热带气象学报》2023,(3):289-299

通过临近时次、临近空间降水回波性质相似假设,以人工智能技术结合快速动态分级法(Fast Dynamic Categorical method,FDC)为核心,设计广西区域分钟级雷达定量降水估测产品模型。在单部雷达估测降水时,分两层三次使用感知器寻求合理的降水类型分类Z-I关系,首先将FDC看为一种多分类算法,根据单站雷达各级回波的降水估测结果误差将回波区内的站点分为强站点和弱站点两类,然后分别对这两类站点再次使用FDC建立新的强、弱两类Z-I关系。在多部雷达组网联合估测定量降水时,将各雷达估测值等权重看待,将单部雷达估测作为一个分支,通过连结方式构建一个多层感知器(Multilayer Perceptron,MLP)。无站点回波区采用K近邻算法(K-Nearest Neighbor,KNN)选择合适的MLP求得的Z-I关系估算降水量。对2019年3—10月试验产品进行检验分析,结果表明以区域站组成的训练组小时降水相关系数达0.973 7,以国家级气象台站组成的测试组相关系数达0.825 6。  相似文献   

南海ITCZ异常变化及其对非移入性南海热带气旋(TC)活动的可能影响     

黄小燕  管兆勇  何洁琳  何立 《大气科学》2017,41(1):1-14

利用美国NOAA提供的向外长波辐射（OLR）资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及上海台风所提供的热带气旋（TC）资料等,通过定义一个描写南海范围内（5°N~20°N,105°E~120°E）的热带辐合带（Intertropical Convergence Zone,简称ITCZ）强度指数,研究了南海ITCZ年际和年代际异常变化特征及其对非移入性南海TC[South China Sea-generated tropical cyclone（SCS-G TC）]活动的可能影响,并从异常强、弱南海ITCZ年份的大气环流背景和海表温度等变化特征来尝试揭示南海TC的活动规律。结果表明:在年际和年代际时间尺度上,南海ITCZ强度指数与南海TC的生成频数存在显著的负相关关系,长期趋势变化间的关系存在不同。南海ITCZ的强、弱显著地影响到南海TC的生成频数。强南海ITCZ年,南海TC频数偏多;弱南海ITCZ年,南海ITCZ频数偏少。强、弱南海ITCZ年对于南海TC的生成源地、TC的维持时间以及路径和强度的影响不显著。进一步分析表明,动力和环境条件方面,强、弱南海ITCZ年可能差异较大。异常偏强年,对流层低层出现气旋性环流,上层出现反气旋性环流;季风槽在南海区域偏强、位置偏南。与OLR表示的深对流区相配合,存在暖的海表温度和低层强烈的正涡度和强辐合,在高层存在相应的强的气流辐散,形成了极有利于南海TC发生发展的条件。弱南海ITCZ年则相反。另外,ITCZ强年,太平洋异常SST（Sea Surface Temperature）出现为La Ni?a特征,南海ITCZ区对流活跃,强度偏强。反之,ITCZ弱年则表现为El Ni?o特征,南海ITCZ关键区的对流强度偏弱。这些结果可为深刻认识南海TC的生成规律以及对南海TC的预报提供线索。  相似文献   

广西输电线路覆冰典型年份的环流特征分析     

覃武  罗小莉  钟利华  周绍毅  苏志 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2019,13(1):110-116

采用NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析资料、广西北部43个气象台站的温度、湿度、风、降水、导线覆冰等观测资料以及广西输电线路覆冰资料,建立雨凇覆冰厚度计算模型,并得出气象台站的历史覆冰厚度序列。采用数理统计和合成分析等方法研究典型覆冰年份的时空特征、环流背景及气象要素变化特征,结果发现:广西输电线路覆冰主要出现在冬季的桂北,并有逐年减轻的趋势,MannKendall突变检验表明,存在1个明显的突变点,出现在1985年;广西典型覆冰年份,500 hPa欧亚大陆中高纬地区呈明显的"两槽一脊"型,广西高空处于南支槽前,地面受冷高压脊控制;赤道中东太平洋,从夏季到秋季,海温由偏高转为偏低,到冬季SSTA维持为负距平,说明广西输电线路覆冰与LA NINA事件有较密切的关系。当日最低气温在0.2℃以下,风速5 m·s-1,并伴有雨凇和弱降水,低温寡照天气时容易出现覆冰。  相似文献